Which isoform is primarily linked to inflammation and pain?

Which isoform is primarily linked to inflammation and pain?

• A. COX-1
• B. Prostaglandin synthase
• C. 5-lipoxygenase
• D. COX-2

Answer: (D)

Inflammation and pain are driven mainly by the inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. COX-2 is upregulated in inflamed tissues in response to pro-inflammatory signals, producing prostaglandins like PGE2 that sensitize nerves and promote swelling and fever. COX-1, on the other hand, is constitutive and supports normal protective functions such as protecting gastric mucosa and supporting platelet activity, so it’s not the isoform primarily linked to inflammation. Prostaglandin synthase is a general term for the enzyme activity making prostaglandins and isn’t the specific inflammatory isoform, while 5-lipoxygenase is part of the leukotriene pathway, not the COX pathway driving prostaglandin-related inflammation. Therefore, COX-2 is the isoform most closely associated with inflammation and pain.

Inflammation and pain are driven mainly by the inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. COX-2 is upregulated in inflamed tissues in response to pro-inflammatory signals, producing prostaglandins like PGE2 that sensitize nerves and promote swelling and fever. COX-1, on the other hand, is constitutive and supports normal protective functions such as protecting gastric mucosa and supporting platelet activity, so it’s not the isoform primarily linked to inflammation. Prostaglandin synthase is a general term for the enzyme activity making prostaglandins and isn’t the specific inflammatory isoform, while 5-lipoxygenase is part of the leukotriene pathway, not the COX pathway driving prostaglandin-related inflammation. Therefore, COX-2 is the isoform most closely associated with inflammation and pain.